Theory-Based Practice as Plural Interpretations: A Case of the Integration of the Humanbecoming Theory in a Palliative Care Setting

Abstract

Nurses and students are generally encouraged to base their practice on nursing grand theories and models. However, the concrete benefits of these models in practice are often debated. Given that past studies were mostly dedicated to documenting the benefits of nursing theories in practice and were conducted by their supporters, their contribution to the debate is questionable. In 2012, we conducted a retrospective case study in a palliative care unit in Canada where caregivers have based their practice on the Humanbecoming theory since 2 years. We aimed to examine the process of integration and its effects. Data were obtained from individual interviews, direct observation and documents were analyzed using a network analysis method. Results suggest that integrating a grand theory in practice implies plural interpretations of what constitutes good practice, which brings about various effects, including some that are unexpected. The authors challenge the belief that theories and models necessarily have positive effects in practice.